Vitamin A is essential for normal function of the retina. ln the form of retinal, it combines with opsin (red pigment in the retina) to form, rhodopsin (visual purple), which is necessary for visual adaptation to darkness. Other forms (retinol, retinoic acid) are necessary for growth of bone, testicular and ovarian function, and embryonic development, and for regulation of growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues. Retinol and retinoic acid may act as cofactors in biochemical reactions.
Vitamin E - Although the exact biochemical mechanisms of vitamin E in the body are unclear, it is an essential element of human nutrition. Many of its actions are related to its antioxidant properties. Vitamin E may protect cellular constituents from oxidation and prevent the formation of toxic oxidation products; it preserves red blood cell (RBC) wall integrity and protects them against hemolysis; it may act as a cofactor in enzyme systems. Enhancement of vitamin A utilization and suppression of platelet aggregation have also been attributed to vitamin E.
Vitamin D is essential for promoting absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphate and for normal calcification of bone. Along with parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, it regulates serum calcium concentrations by increasing serum calcium and phosphate concentrations as needed.
Vitamin D stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption from the small intestine and mobilizes calcium from bone.
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet rays in sunlight results in formation of chlolecalciferol (vitamin D₃).
Thimaine (vitamin B₁) combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form a coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine diphosphate, cocarboxylase), which is necessary for carbohydrate metabolism.
Riboflavin (vitamin B₂) is converted to 2 coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are necessary for normal tissue respiration.
Riboflavin is also required for activation of pyridoxine, conversion of tryptophan to niacin, and may be involved in maintaining erythrocyte integrity.
pyridoxine (vitamin B₆) is converted in erythrocytes to pyridoxal phosphate and to a lesser extent pyridoxamine phosphate, which act as coenzymes for various metabolic functions affecting protein, carbohydrate, and lipid utilization.
Vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin) acts as a coenzyme for various metabolic functions, including fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Its is necessary for growth, cell replication, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis, largely due to its effects on metabolism of methionine, folic acid, and malonic acid.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is necessary for collagen formation and tissue repair in the body and may be involved in some oxidation - reduction reactions. It is also involved in metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine, folic acid, norepinephrine, histamine, iron, and some drug enzyme systems; utilization of carbohydrates; synthesis of lipids, proteins, and carnitine; immune function; hydroxylation of serotonin; and preservation of blood vessel integrity. In addition, ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of nonheme iron.
Nicotinamide, is a component of two coenzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are necessary for tissue respiration; glycogenolysis; and lipid, amino acid, protein, and purine metabolism.

Multivitamin supplement for infants and children under 4 years of age.

Hypersensitivity to any of the vitamins content in the preparation.

Problems in humans have not been documented with intake of normal daily doses.

Combinations containing any of the following medications, depending on the amount present, may also interact with this medication.
Vitamin A: Cholestyramine; MineraI oil; Oral contraceptives; Etretinate; Isotretinoin; Tetracycline.
Vitamin E: Oral anticoagulants; Iron supplements.
Vitamin D: Antacids, magnesium containing; Digitalis glycosides; Verapamil; Calcium - containing preparations, in high doses; Diuretics, thiazide; Corticosteroids; Cholestyramine; Barbiturates.
Vitamin B₂: Alcohol; Antidepressants, tricyclic; Phenothiazines; Probenecid.
Vitamin B₆: Levodopa; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Isoniazid; Hydralazine; Immunosuppressants.
Vitamin B₁₂: Folic acid; Ascorbic acid (large doses); Aminosalicylates.
Vitamin C: Anticoagulants; Disulfiram; Deferoxamine. Nicotinamide: Lovastatin.

• Allergic reaction, anaphylactic (skin rash or itching; wheezing).
• Large doses may cause yellow discoloration of urine. Acute excessive doses of vitamin D and A can result in severe toxicity.

Oral drops - usual pediatric dose:
One mL daily, or as directed by physician.